NYC Gazette

A popular class of drugs known as GLP-1 agonists, including Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound, is transforming the treatment of obesity. Research indicates these medications may also lower risks for heart disease and certain cancers while treating sleep apnea and substance use disorders.

“These drugs are making a big difference because of how effective they are,” says Angela Godwin Beoku-Betts, a clinical assistant professor at the NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing.

Despite their popularity, concerns arise about long-term effects on patients and society. High demand and costs have led patients to telehealth prescribers and less-regulated compounded versions, creating access disparities.

“What does it mean to be medicating a population instead of addressing the social and structural issues that contribute to obesity?” asks Virginia Chang, a physician and associate professor at the NYU School of Global Public Health.

NYU News discussed with Chang and Godwin how these weight loss drugs raise questions while providing unexpected answers.

Chang emphasizes that obesity results from individual behaviors influenced by societal factors such as changes in food availability and physical activity levels. “Applying a medication disrupts that equation,” she notes but warns it diverts attention from broader environmental issues contributing to obesity.

Godwin adds that while these medications are effective, they do not address underlying societal problems like food deserts or decision-making processes. She expresses concern over long-term consequences if societal issues remain unaddressed.

Access to GLP-1 drugs remains uneven. Godwin points out that many minority individuals with Medicare or Medicaid cannot afford these medications out-of-pocket. Chang highlights the potential for increased pressure on insurance providers to cover these drugs due to their cardiovascular benefits but acknowledges existing social gradients in access could worsen health disparities.

The rise of telehealth services for obtaining GLP-1 drugs raises questions about traditional healthcare roles. Chang notes the lack of comprehensive evaluations in virtual settings compared to in-person visits. Godwin stresses the importance of face-to-face interactions for thorough patient assessments and lifestyle guidance.

Looking ahead, both experts emphasize monitoring the long-term impact of these drugs on health disparities and chronic conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Chang is particularly interested in sociological implications if reduced appetite affects social interactions around meals. Both hope advancements continue without neglecting necessary improvements in addressing root causes of obesity.

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